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Eating Disorders And Gymnastics Essay - 2469 Words

Eating Disorders And Gymnastics Eating disorders are especially common among athletes because the pressure of the sport environment frequently precipitates the onset of these problems. In this population, certain compulsive behaviors such as excessive exercise and restricted eating patterns are seen as acceptable, and pathogenic methods of weight control are often introduced. In addition, concern about body size and shape is increased because of the social influence for thinness [from coaches and peers], anxiety about athletic performance, and negative self-appraisal of athletic achievement (Williamson et al. 1995). Finally, the competitive nature of sports reinforces characteristics such as perfectionism, high achievement†¦show more content†¦Some male athletes do use extreme methods for losing weight, but an important difference exists between these and the self-starvation strategies of anorexics. For instance, a wrestlers perception of his body is not distorted and when he is not competing, he can regai n the weight with ease. Do female gymnasts suffer an even greater risk? As demonstrated by such famous gymnasts as Kathy Johnson and Nadia Comaneci who have struggled with eating disorders themselves, womens gymnastics seems designed for the disease (Dying for a medal 1994). In the 1992 NCAA survey, 51% of the gymnastics programs that responded reported this illness among its team members, a far greater percentage than in any other sport (Dying to win 1994). Unfortunately, the real number is probably even higher. Why might gymnasts be more vulnerable to eating disorders? Anorexia often strikes young women who try to evade the natural process of becoming adults and who use excessive measures to maintain a thin and girlish figure--the exact description of what todays female gymnast must accomplish to stay competitive at its highest levels. For these athletes, the onset of womenhood is their biggest fear because it means developing hips or breasts that might hinder their performance. Thus, starving themselves offers the most convenient solution to their problem. In addition, many of these girls begin training specifically for this sport since the time theyShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : The, Rumination Disorder And Avoidant / Restrictive Food Intake Disorder-1537 Words   |  7 PagesAnita case reflects the perfect example of an eating disorder included in the DSM-5 in one single category called feeding and eating disorders. â€Å"Three disorders - pica, rumination disorder and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder- typically begin in infancy o r childhood, often among children with intellectual disabilities† (Oltmanns Emery, 2015, p263). There are other feeding-eating disorders as anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa that â€Å"typically affect adolescent and young adult woman†Read MoreEating Disorders Has Affected The Lives Of Many Athletes Around The World1546 Words   |  7 PagesEating disorders have affected the lives of many athletes around the world. Being scared of being overweight but rather caused by an addiction to food can result in the development of an eating disorder. There are several reasons as to why someone may have an eating disorder such as the sports they play or even the worldly view of how an ideal body is supposed to be. They have an effect on the person’s health and also on their social interactions with others. Many sports where the player’s weightRead More Eating Disorders in Gymnasts Essay1995 Words   |  8 PagesEating Disorders in Gymnasts At a gymnastics meet in Budapest, a U.S. judge commented that gymnast Christy Henrich would have to lose weight if she wanted to make the Olympic team. On July 26, 1994, Christy Henrich died of multiple organ failure. She had lost a long battle with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that involves extreme weight loss, restricted food intake, and an intense fear of becoming fat. The American Psychiatric Association outlinesRead MoreBulimia Nervosa Is A Serious, Life Threatening Eating Disorder1276 Words   |  6 PagesBulimia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa is a serious, life threatening eating disorder. Bulimia has a many symptoms but some of the primary ones are: intake of large amounts of food followed by a sense of loss of control over eating behavior. Bulimics make their selves throw up, fast, and become obsessive to exercise at all times. People with bulimia have an extreme concern with their weight, and body shape. Research has shown that people with bulimia have a chemical imbalance in the brain that affects theirRead MoreThe Healthy Benefits Of Gymnastics1736 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the Healthy Benefits of Gymnastics? The sport of gymnastics, which acquires its name from the ancient Greek word for disciplinary exercises, combines physical skills such as body control, gracefulness, skill in performing tasks with the hands, coordination, and strength with tumbling and acrobatic skills, all performed in an artistic manner. Gymnastics is performed by both women and men at many levels, from local clubs and schools to colleges and universities, and in elite national and internationalRead More Female Athlete : Female Athletes1714 Words   |  7 PagesFemale Athlete Repercussion How many times have we all sat glued to our televisions during the summer or winter Olympics, admiring the young female athletes competing in such sports as gymnastics, swimming, track, and ice-skating? Behind those beautiful, slim bodies a serious condition may be lurking, one that is not a popular topic of discussion among many coaches and even overly ambitious parents. Nowadays, girls at a very young age are becoming more and more involved in competitive sports thatRead MoreBulimia Nervos A Psychological Disease1186 Words   |  5 Pagesownself so person try remove the excess food from body or sometime person do the long fasting and excessive amount of exercise (book). However, many author describe bulimia nervosa as a psychological disease (Rushing, Jones, Carney,2003). This disorder more frequent present in young female particular when female reaches as puberty time. Classification Bulimia nervosa can be classified into two major sub type (Rushing, Jones, Carney,2003) which is described below here 1. Non-purging 2. PurgingRead MoreEating Disorders And Excessive Exercise921 Words   |  4 PagesEATING DISORDERS AND EXCESSIVE EXERCISE IN SPORT 2 Introduction One essential part of competitive sport is nutrition and exercise. These factors are important because they can considerably affect an athlete’s performance. In the Perfect Body, Andie, an aspiring Olympic gymnast, engages in a strict diet to fit her sporting norm. Her coach pushes her to lose weight, and she feels pressured to maintain a small build. In order to reach the professional levelRead More Eating Disorders Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pageslife of a family dealing with an eating disorder. Eating disorders are a major problem with the young people of todays society. While anorexia and bulimia are sociological problems plaguing the worlds youth, there are also other eating disorders. This quot;fat phobiaquot;, or fear of being over-weight, disturbs people to the point where they are in a way, committing suicide. Eating disorders have been termed the disease of the 1980s. An eating disorder is defined as quot;a dangerousRead MoreEating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia1614 Words   |  6 Pagesdeadly eating disorders that can cause severe physical and mental health problems. Anorexia is an eating disorder of self- imposed starvation and a mental illness. In fact, anorexia has one of the highest death rates of any mental illness(Gerri FreidKramer, page 15). Bulimia is a mental eating disorder characterized by overeating followed by purging(Gerri Freid Kramer, page 21). People with bulimia are known for self induced vomiting, and using laxatives or diuretics. Both eating disorders are

Critically explore some of the issues that should be considered when conducting research in social science Free Essays

Research with children and young people is essential as it can improve the understanding of how they develop and live their lives, also it can add to academic debates and theories, and its outcomes can impact directly and indirectly on the lives of others in similar situations. â€Å"Data about children can only be understood by studying children†(Ross,1998:97) The best way to support the expansion of children’s studies for children is to enrol them fully in the research process. (Oakley, 1994: 26). We will write a custom essay sample on Critically explore some of the issues that should be considered when conducting research in social science or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over the years, there has been rapid rise in research with children and young people and the increased respect and demand for children’s views and outlook in the society alongside the concern about ethics in social science when implementing the research Kellett (2010). Lansdown(1994) also supports this argument by stating that we do have a culture of listening to children . The chosen topic for this essay is issues that are to be considered when researching children and young people and vulnerable groups. The Relevant issues when researching with children includes ethics, consent, the legal structure, power relations and methodology. It is essential to consider and address issues appropriately. Social science research involved the collection, exploration and reporting of information about people and societies. (Yates 1998,p. 3) . There are several number of issues to consider when conducting research in social science according to Alderson Morrow(2007) like privacy and confidentiality, the right selection of participants, consent and the impact the research has on children. Research with children usually tend to emphasis on ethics which moral issue that influence the methodology used governed by the code of practises ( France et al. , 2000) as well as the issues of informed consent and confidentiality (Sieber, 1982) Participants might be harmed as a result of their participation as many vulnerable groups tend to experience distress when talking about their painful experience that happened in their past. (Cooper,1999). The possible harms may include death stress, guilt, reduction in self-respect or self-esteem, unfair treatment, withheld benefits, and slight distress.. Cooper,1999). Relationships with others may be damaged through research (Drake ,2011). One of the main problem in research in social science is that children’s views and opinions are not given much importance and usually there is much large manipulation of the researcher in their research (Miles,2011). This was argued by (Clark et al. 2005) he states that children should be seen as’ beings’ whose opinions and understanding are vital in to listen to and not as adults in the making. Childhood studies research emphasizes the need to recognise children as agents not objects to represent children’s voice and to have children properly involved in all stages of research†(Gregory et al 2005,p. 98). Informed consent is vital when it comes to research involved with children, as Informed consent is required to protect privacy. Informed consent documents too guarantee that their identities will be protected. Such assurances protect them from blackmail, personal attacks and awkwardness (Sieber 1992). Children require the same level of freedom as adults to refuse participation. Sieber,1982). â€Å"Children who are incapable of giving assent should not be allowed to participate because their participation uses them for the benefit of the society at large while threatening their partially actualized and developing personhood. †(Ross,1998:97). Although a child’s assent alone is not sufficient to carry out the research but parental permission is essential while researching children to ensure protection of the child from possible abuse that could happen during the research process. (Ross,1988). Nelson ,2006) also supports the argument by stating child’s assent can only be used in conjunction with the parental consent. Lansdown (1994) supports the above discussion by stating that children are vulnerable because of their physical weakness and lack of knowledge and experience which allows them to depend upon the adults around them as well as their total lack of political and financial power and their lack of social rights. Factors contributing to the vulnerability of children include the motivations of parents and guardians who enter children into research ( Kirk 2007, Paulson 2006). Another issue that could be faced by children in research according to (Fraser et al, 2004) and Kirk (2007) is the power imbalance between the researcher and the children , but this could be overcome through helping the child to become a part of the research team as well as to make the child to be aware of the reason for participation in the research and to give the child the sense of control by reviewing or repeating to the child how to withdraw if the child doesn’t feels comfortable in the study. (Fraser et al, 2004). Time and flexibility are the key things that is required when researching children and to ensure that the participant have full understanding of the research ( Greene Hogan 2005). There are laws supporting the rights of a child . (Landown,1994).. The law supports the child’s opportunity to be heard in any judicial or governmental procedures affecting the child. The law came into being in 1990 due to the high demand children’s voice to solve or understand the issues that affect them. The law has provided a major move in appreciation of children as participants in the society. Landown,1994). BPS code of conduct ethical principles states that approval of children to take part in research should be obtained from parents/ guardians as children are considered along side with the adults with impairments’ but there is no mention given to obtain consent for children with impairments. (Minkes et al,1994 ). Another issue in social science research is the sensitive research that often researchers do not effectively address the possible emotional and psychological harm that may result from research that draws strong emotional reactions Lee Renzetti,( 1993). One of the main risks in any research is the effect of a violation of confidentiality. Depending on the sensitivity of the focused area in research, extra care should be taken to guarantee that participants could not be acknowledged. Maintaining the confidentiality is fundamental to ethical research, Kellett (2011)confirmation of research confidentiality can be given about the anonymity of the data, by removing the names of the participant and any identifying information, to meet the concerns of the child and responsible adult. It is suggested that written information should always be provided for the child and responsible adult, and a contact information should be given if they wish to contact the researchers later on. Kellett(2011) Eliminating names and other obvious identifiers does not assure anonymity as sometimes the demographic information can identify participants if the sample size is small. Buchanan (2007) also supports this argument that anonymity cannot be certain as postings can be traced via online search engines. Qualitative method of listening to the participant by exploring and examining their natural environment while conducting research can be one of the best ways to collect quality information especially from children( Willig ,2001). Punch (1994) States ethical failures in qualitative research scarcely occur. Behavior can be viewed directly through some kind of organized observation Focus groups tend to be increasingly successful with children, as children tend to be comfortable and familiar with the process of conversing matters in groups. (Morgan et al. , 2002). Focus groups can be appreciated for their ability to address inherent power differences that can develop in other forms of research such as interviews or questionnaire . (Morgan Gibbs 2002) . One of the main advantage of focus groups is that it enables and allows children to discuss and express their insights into certain topic and their , understandings and experiences. (Barbour Kitzinger,2001)Classroom based focus groups helps to create an informal environment and not school work based which could encouraged their positive contributions to the research study. Although the main disadvantage of focus groups for children according to (Barbour Kitzinger,2001) is that some children take part in the research only for a temporary escape from the classroom . Taking part in focus groups can be an enjoyable experience for children as they explore issues of interest with others who might share common elements of personal knowledge and understanding (Kennedy, Kools, Kruger, 2001) Finally I can conclude is that research with children offers no easy paths but opinion of a child is important for our research of the society as children are a vital part in the construction of the society. The ethical principle that guides us with research with children demands that the research participant must be protected and that any research is necessary to improve our knowledge and understanding of children. This means that research-involving children cannot be ignored, just because we find it difficult to get them to respond in a manner set out by adults. How to cite Critically explore some of the issues that should be considered when conducting research in social science, Essays

Sights and Sounds on Your Way to School free essay sample

Sights and Sounds on Your Way to School A cool breeze brushed against my face as I stepped out of the house. Inhaling a deep breath, I could smell the fresh misty air of yet another day. It smelled of mint toothpaste and perfectly ironed crisp white uniforms. I looked out to the view, a frown forming on my face. I could see birds flying around in the sky, chirping away. How I wish I could be like them, having no care in the world. Ding! The elevator sounded, snapping me out of my thoughts. I entered it and punched the 1 button as the door closed. With a sigh, I am on my way to school. I stepped out of the elevator, Just to see my friend, Hewn, tapping her feet impatiently as she shrieked, you are late! Hewn always wait for me before going to school together. I apologized profusely as we made our way to the Orchid Light Rail Transit (ALERT) station. We will write a custom essay sample on Sights and Sounds on Your Way to School or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On my way there, my stomach was growling non-stop. That was my punishment waking up late and not having breakfast. I could smell the rich aroma of freshly baked bread nearby, causing my mouth to water. I wanted so badly to get to those breads! However, knowing that I will be late if I went to buy bread, I pushed the thought away. Ignoring my stomach, l, along with Hewn rushed up the never ending stairs of the ALERT station. The scene of an overly crowded platform greeted my eyes. Apparently, the previous train broke down and all of its passengers have alighted here. While waiting for the next train to arrive, I scanned the surroundings. The platform had many people from all walks of life. There were students with drooping eyelids, who were carrying their bulky school bags. They looked as though hey may fall asleep anytime. There were adults, mostly dressed in smart business attire. They wore a blank face. Maybe, to them, it was Just another uneventful day. Train arriving, pleas step behind the yellow line, a voice from the speaker said. Finally, the train came. Everyone squeezed into it and the doors closed shut. The train was as packed as sardines. I could smell the heavy smell of cologne coming from a man next to me. That sent me sneezing throughout the whole train ride due to my sensitive nose. Soon, Hewn arrived at our stop, where we alighted to transfer o bus. While we ambled to the bus stop, Hewn and I gossiped about the latest news going around at school, rumors and ranting about the teachers and homework. While waiting for the bus 107, I noticed that the road was filled with many honking vehicles. The drivers looked tired; some even have dark rims Just below their eyes. Cars were moving at tortoise speed due to the heavy traffic that day. Awhile later, the bus 107 came. Fortunately, it was not as crowded and we were able to board the bus. As I entered it, the coolness of the air conditioning on the bus hit me. It feels so nice to have cold air all around you, I silently thought to myself as my face formed a blissful expression. Hewn looked at me, clearly amused by my reaction. The bus was half filled with many students from schools from my neighborhood. Most of them are buzzing away in their conversations. Soon, after more than half an hours time of traveling, we finally arrived at school! Hewn and I walked into the school gates Just in time before the school bell rang. At that time, the sky was a borderless flow of clarity, holding light in its invisible hands. It was yet the start of a ran new ay SC 00.